Fascinating Confusion

TCalc was a pwnable challenge during the recent Hack.lu CTF 2019. It was worth 381 points and rated medium. As all somewhat more difficult exploit challenges, it was a heap challenge. Somewhat unusual was the usage of libc version 2.30, which I haven't seen much in CTFs. The bug was a very fascinating programming error resulting in an OOB array access that could be used to arbitrary free. This write-up will try to not only describe the solution but also the pitfalls and things that didn't work.